Third-party ownership in US solar
Lease/PPA share of recorded installations — the ownership split behind the post-ITC shift, by state and by year.
Dataset updated . Sources: LBNL Tracking the Sun + city permit records + state programs + USGS/EIA utility-scale.
All-time TPO share
23%
1,091,063 of 4,661,007
2026 TPO share
0%
Highest-TPO state
Connecticut
60%
By state
TPO share by state
| State | TPO share | TPO installs | All installs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | 60% | 38,043 | 63,723 |
| Massachusetts | 47% | 74,733 | 159,700 |
| Illinois | 43% | 49,729 | 115,105 |
| New York | 34% | 74,978 | 223,104 |
| California | 29% | 700,259 | 2,413,021 |
| District of Columbia | 29% | 11,046 | 38,588 |
| Arizona | 28% | 103,210 | 375,232 |
| Colorado | 27% | 31,886 | 116,386 |
| Delaware | 21% | 1,990 | 9,548 |
| Vermont | 9% | 3,340 | 35,393 |
| Oregon | 1% | 241 | 17,012 |
| Rhode Island | 1% | 58 | 5,366 |
| Maryland | 1% | 837 | 110,800 |
| Minnesota | 0% | 81 | 23,724 |
| New Mexico | 0% | 90 | 68,499 |
| New Jersey | 0% | 292 | 232,288 |
| Arkansas | 0% | 2 | 2,427 |
| Texas | 0% | 234 | 350,060 |
| Florida | 0% | 13 | 38,726 |
| Washington | 0% | 1 | 9,288 |
| Utah | 0% | 0 | 48,517 |
| Louisiana | 0% | 0 | 41,415 |
| Nevada | 0% | 0 | 31,576 |
| Pennsylvania | 0% | 0 | 24,310 |
| Wisconsin | 0% | 0 | 22,775 |
| Maine | 0% | 0 | 22,412 |
| Virginia | 0% | 0 | 18,447 |
| North Carolina | 0% | 0 | 15,869 |
| New Hampshire | 0% | 0 | 11,059 |
| Ohio | 0% | 0 | 5,248 |
| Missouri | 0% | 0 | 4,420 |
| Hawaii | 0% | 0 | 3,154 |
| Kentucky | 0% | 0 | 956 |
| Michigan | 0% | 0 | 778 |
| Georgia | 0% | 0 | 680 |
| Tennessee | 0% | 0 | 499 |
| Indiana | 0% | 0 | 234 |
| South Carolina | 0% | 0 | 207 |
| Iowa | 0% | 0 | 76 |
| Nebraska | 0% | 0 | 61 |
| Kansas | 0% | 0 | 55 |
| Mississippi | 0% | 0 | 45 |
| Alaska | 0% | 0 | 44 |
| Alabama | 0% | 0 | 40 |
| Oklahoma | 0% | 0 | 39 |
| Montana | 0% | 0 | 29 |
| Idaho | 0% | 0 | 25 |
| Wyoming | 0% | 0 | 9 |
| West Virginia | 0% | 0 | 7 |
| South Dakota | 0% | 0 | 6 |
| North Dakota | 0% | 0 | 1 |
Over time
TPO share by year
| Year | TPO share | Installs |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 0% | 6,043 |
| 2006 | 0% | 9,373 |
| 2007 | 2% | 14,600 |
| 2008 | 4% | 17,988 |
| 2009 | 6% | 31,258 |
| 2010 | 11% | 45,961 |
| 2011 | 22% | 59,414 |
| 2012 | 39% | 81,954 |
| 2013 | 34% | 124,677 |
| 2014 | 21% | 178,725 |
| 2015 | 32% | 279,573 |
| 2016 | 38% | 327,245 |
| 2017 | 28% | 262,415 |
| 2018 | 24% | 274,255 |
| 2019 | 25% | 303,360 |
| 2020 | 24% | 319,079 |
| 2021 | 19% | 406,023 |
| 2022 | 16% | 523,933 |
| 2023 | 17% | 565,200 |
| 2024 | 26% | 358,912 |
| 2025 | 28% | 333,171 |
| 2026 | 0% | 4,727 |
Frequently asked questions
What is third-party ownership (TPO) in solar?
A third-party-owned system is one the homeowner does not own — a lease or power-purchase agreement where a company (Sunrun, formerly SolarCity/Tesla, etc.) owns the panels and sells the power or capacity. The alternative is host ownership via cash or a solar loan.
What share of home solar is third-party owned?
23% of all recorded installations are third-party owned; in 2026 the share was 0%. The mix varies sharply by state — Connecticut leads at 60%.